The Solar System as a Torsion Field

It was previously shown that as a result of the interaction of terrestrial bodies with air, they acquire an electric charge, most often positive. Taking this into account, it has been shown that most terrestrial bodies have electric fields whose vectors are directed outward from the bodies. Based on this, it was shown that most terrestrial bodies are surrounded by Poynting vectors, which arise as a result of the interaction of the electric fields of these bodies and the geomagnetic field. Developing this idea, it was shown, in particular, that most terrestrial bodies located in the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth are surrounded by Poynting vectors located in a horizontal plane and twisted counterclockwise. Moreover, taking into account the existence of phenomena that can be explained precisely by the action of these Poynting vectors, it was proposed to call the spaces where they operate “torsion fields”; accordingly, it was proposed to consider that all electrically charged terrestrial bodies are sources of such torsion fields. Now, in an effort to demonstrate all the advantages of the proposed ideas, it is proposed to extend them to the Solar System, that is, to consider it as a type of torsion field.

Introduction

Since most terrestrial bodies come into contact with air, they usually acquire a positive electric charge. Such electrification of terrestrial bodies occurs in accordance with Kyon’s rule: when two phases come into contact, the phase with the higher permittivity acquires a positive charge, and the phase with the lower permittivity acquires a negative charge [1]. Thus, given that the permittivity of most terrestrial bodies is significantly higher than the permittivity of air, which is ~1 [1], [2], it turns out that most terrestrial bodies tend to be positively charged and thus generate electric fields whose vectors point outward from them [3].

Taking all this into account, it has been suggested that most terrestrial bodies are surrounded by Poynting vectors [4], which arise as a result of the interaction of the electric fields of these bodies and the geomagnetic field; in particular, it was suggested that most terrestrial bodies located in the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth are surrounded by Poynting vectors located in the horizontal plane and twisted counterclockwise [5]. In developing this idea, attention was drawn to quite real phenomena that can be explained quite satisfactorily on its basis; in particular, it was shown that the ability of these Poynting vectors to form self-sustaining systems with electrically charged bodies that generate them makes it possible to offer quite adequate explanations for the stability of a number of rotations observed both in experiments and in nature. Finally, taking into accountall of the above, it was proposed to call the spaces where these Poynting vectors operate “torsion fields”; in particular, it was proposed to realize that the sources of such torsion fields are precisely electrically charged bodies [5].

At the same time, it is recognized that the viability of the proposed ideas may raise doubts in many. In order to dispel these doubts, it is worthwhile to additionally evaluate the advantages of these very ideas, for example, using the example of the Solar System, considering it as a type of the specified torsion field. At the same time, it is proposed to realize the advantages of this concept of a torsion field by comparing it with the original concept, which associates torsion fields exclusively with rotating massive objects and considers them as a special component of the gravitational field [6]–[8]. At the same time, it is worth making sure that the indicated contradiction in the definitions of the nature of torsion fields can be eliminated if we take into account that massive objects, including rotating ones, can be sources of not only gravitational forces, but also electromagnetic ones.

Methods

First, it is worth considering that the Sun is positively charged [9], [10] and, therefore, has an electric field whose vectors are perpendicular to its surface and directed outward from it, as in the case of any positively charged sphere [2], [3]. Secondly, it is worth considering that the Sun has a magnetic field, which, in particular, is directed downwards in its equatorial plane when observed from a point located high above the Sun’s North Magnetic Pole [11]. Thus, if we take into account both the electrostatic and magnetic properties of the Sun, it becomes clear that it generates Poynting vectors, which can be represented as the sum of the vector products of the corresponding vectors E and B:

(1) $$\begin{array}{r}\mathbf{S}=\left(1/\mu \right)\cdot \left(\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}\right),\end{array}$$

where:

S – Poynting vectors created by the Sun;

μ – magnetic permeability of the medium, in this case vacuum [2], [3];

E – electric field vectors characterizing the Sun, in particular its positive charge [9], [10];

B – magnetic field vectors characterizing the solar magnetosphere [11].

Thus, it turns out that the Sun is surrounded by Poynting vectors, like most terrestrial bodies, with the corresponding consequences [5]. To make these consequences more understandable, it is worth first considering the Poynting vectors surrounding the Sun in its equatorial plane, in particular their influence on the motion of the hydrogen and helium nuclei that make up the solar wind [11]–[14]. So, given that positive charges move in the direction of the Poynting vector [4], it turns out that the nuclei of hydrogen and helium in the solar wind must move not only along the radii of the Sun (in particular, due to their electrostatic repulsion by the Sun), but also tend to move counterclockwise, that is, similar to how they move around positively charged bodies on Earth [5].

Results and Discussion

Thus, it seems that the proposed view of the Solar System as a torsion field of electromagnetic nature is no less justified than in [5]. Moreover, it seems that this same point of view can be very productive, in particular, in explaining the motion of the planets of the Solar System (Fig. 1). So, based on this very idea, it turns out that positively charged particles of the solar wind can push the planets of the solar system and thereby ensure their movement around the Sun precisely counterclockwise (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. This image gives an idea of the motion of the planets of the solar system as seen from the Sun’s North Magnetic Pole.

Thus, it is quite possible that it is this idea that allows quite satisfactorily answering the old question about the reason for the circular motion of the planets around the Sun, thereby making Einstein’s concept of the curvature of space unnecessary (Fig. 2) [15]–[20].

Fig. 2. This diagram is intended to illustrate Einstein’s concept that massive bodies like the Sun and planets curve space.

It seems appropriate to mention here that no curvature of space has yet been discovered [21]. In this regard, further consideration of the concept of spatial curvature, as well as its possible manifestations, seems unjustified. Taking this into account, the deflection of light near the Sun (the so-called gravitational deflection of a light ray [22]) should be considered as a result of the interaction of light with the solar ionosphere, i.e., in accordance with the classical theory of light propagation [2], [4]; in any case, it was the presence of an atmosphere on Venus that Lomonosov believed was the reason for the refraction of sunlight near the planet [23], [24].

At the same time, it is worth making sure that the proposed concept of the torsion field may not contradict its original concept [6]–[8], at least in the case of the Solar System discussed here.

Thus, based on the result of Rowland’s experiment [3], it turns out that any charged rotating body is a source of a magnetic field. Accordingly, given that the Sun has a positive charge [9]–[11] and rotates around its axis [11], [25], [26], it turns out that the Sun can be considered as a type of rotating Rowland disk. Therefore, it is worth recognizing that the torsion field created by such a massive rotating body as the Sun may have an electromagnetic nature, and not just gravitational, as was originally predicted [6]–[8].

To further demonstrate the advantages of the proposed idea, it is also worth mentioning that these planetary movements (Fig. 1) still do not have an adequate explanation, despite the widespread belief that they are explained based on the balance of gravitational and centrifugal forces acting on the planets [2], [21]. So, this balance means that the net force acting on any planet in the solar system is zero and therefore it is not capable of deviating the planet’s trajectory from a straight line (in full accordance with Newton’s first law [2], [21]), which is clearly not true. Thus, it seems that it was precisely this helplessness of classical mechanics that forced Einstein to propose the concept of space curvature under the influence of the Sun’s gravity [15]–[20], which was intended to explain these very planetary trajectories (Fig. 1). Given that the curvature of space has not yet been detected anywhere [21], this proposal by Einstein has obviously lost its relevance over time. Taking this into account, one can hope that the proposed identification of the Solar System with a torsion field of electromagnetic nature will prove more productive in determining the root causes that provide precisely these planetary trajectories (Fig. 1).

It is probably worth adding here that a similar problem is present in the generally accepted explanation of the circular motion of electric charges in magnetic fields, which is still based on the balance of centrifugal and Lorentz forces [2], [3], [21].

It seems appropriate to add that a similar problem was created by Bohr in his planetary model of the hydrogen atom, which assumes that the electron moves in a circle around the atomic nucleus due to the balance of centrifugal and electrostatic forces acting on it [2], [27].

One way or another, it is worth recognizing the existence of phenomena (including those whose nature has not yet been explained), which can be quite reasonably described using the term “torsion field”, referring to its electromagnetic nature. Given this, it seems entirely justified to reconsider the widespread perception of this term as pseudoscientific [28], believing, in particular, that the term itself cannot be such. Accordingly, one can hope that at the same time the concept of the torsion field will lose its pseudoscientific status.

Apparently, the need for such a rehabilitation of the term “torsion field” will become more obvious if we consider that it is already actually used to describe torsion phenomena associated with electromagnetic fields [29], [30]. It is also hoped that the proposed rehabilitation of the term will facilitate the description of such a phenomenon as the magneto-optical Faraday Effect [31], [32], especially given that it can be observed in the Solar Corona [33]; it seems that it is this observation that gives grounds to consider the Solar System as a combination of a large torsion field, which apparently contributes to the rotation of the planets around the Sun (Fig. 1), and small torsion fields, which cause this very Faraday Effect.

Conclusion

It seems that there are sufficient grounds to identify the Solar System as a torsion field of electromagnetic nature. In any case, the direction of electromagnetic forces acting in the Solar System speaks in favor of such identification. It is hoped that this identification will help to create a new point of view on the nature of the forces that actually cause the planets in the Solar System to rotate.