European Journal of Applied Physics

Fluorescence of Atomic Hydrogen in Aqueous Media

2024-08-14T02:43:50-04:00

It is shown that aqueous solutions of atomic hydrogen fluoresce under the action of UV irradiation. It is also shown that the spectra of this fluorescence have peaks whose maxima are close to the 5^th and 6^th lines of the Balmer series. All this made it possible to propose using this fluorescence to determine the concentration of atomic hydrogen in aqueous media, which seems relevant for both hydrogen energy and medicine. In addition, the possible involvement of this fluorescence in such phenomena as the blueness of the daytime sky, Cherenkov radiation and the Kirlian aura is analyzed here.

On Quantum Operators as Statistical Random Variables Defined on a Spinning Roulette

2024-07-15T09:37:09-04:00

A quantum operator is a classical physical variable except that it assumes values in a probability distribution, i.e., a random variable, solved by the Schrödinger equation in the form of a wavefunction. To date, the logical foundation of this construct remains an open question. This paper casts the basic components of quantum mechanics in the framework of general statistics. Our starting point is to define the domain of the wavefunction to be the complex unit circle, thus faithfully observing the periodicity of a wave. We seek to crystallize the meanings of the fundamental elements of quantum mechanics, which often are lost in its formalism, by certain common random variables in ordinary applications, such as random walks, inventory cycles, and human healthy temperatures, all defined on the sample space of a unit circle.

Characterization of Neutron Irradiator as a Source of Reference Radiation Field for Calibrating Dosemeters and Doserate Meters at PSI Laboratory

2024-07-09T06:00:00-04:00

A new neutron calibration laboratory has been installed at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. The calibration laboratory has been equipped with a newly developed neutron irradiator with two calibration benches, remote control instruments and related ancillary equipment for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters. The actual dimensions of the calibration laboratory are 2.0 m (H) X 6.8 m (W) X 12.6 m (L). On the steel grid at a height of 2 m from the basement floor, two calibration benches are installed. A transport channel is installed in the middle of the benches for the transfer of the radiation sources. The radiation sources are moved from the safe position of the irradiator to the reference irradiation position using an air pressure unit. The reference position is at a height of 1.2 m from the grid floor. The neutron irradiator is equipped with two Am-Be sources. Characterization of neutron radiation field has been calculated in detail by the MCNPX neutron transport code as well as energy distribution of neutrons and contribution of scattered neutrons. Experimentally, it was measured with a neutron/gamma digital spectrometric system equipped with a stilbene detector. The quality of the neutron radiation field has been characterized by ambient dose equivalent rate and the shape of the Am-Be spectra has been verified with the ISO-8529 standard.

Torsion Fields as a Reality

2024-06-17T05:45:13-04:00

Torsion fields are currently perceived as science fiction. It is shown here that such a perception is incorrect since the existence of torsion fields around terrestrial objects is determined by the laws of classical electrodynamics. In addition, it is shown here that there are both natural and artificial phenomena that can be considered as evidence of the reality of torsion fields.

Gravitation in Flat Euclidean Spacetime Frame: Unified Electrogravity and Magnetogravity Forces

2024-06-09T10:53:28-04:00

An effective description of physics requires an appropriate geometrical frame. Three-dimensional Euclidean space provides the geometrical frame for non-relativistic physics. A derivation of an imaginary temporal axis −icˆq the speed, ˆq the unit wave-vector of light, extends the standard Euclidean space into a well-defined four-dimensional Euclidean spacetime frame, which provides the natural mathematical framework for relativistic physics. The basic elements of the Euclidean spacetime frame are fully specified four-component complex vectors satisfying standard vector operations and vector identities. In developing a theory of gravitation in the Euclidean spacetime frame, we have used the Lense-Thirring spacetime metric of linearized general relativity to derive an appropriate complex four-component gravitational field potential vector. Taking the curl of the field potential vector provides a unified complex gravitational field strength composed of electric-type and magnetic-type components. Taking the cross-product of the complex four-component velocity and the field strength provides a unified complex gravitational force intensity composed of gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic components. Application to the motion of a gyroscope in the gravitational field of the earth provides the standard results of frame-dragging and geodetic effects as determined in linearized general relativity theory.