Solar Gravitational Radiation Reflected on the Hydrogen Wall might explain the Pioneer Anomaly: Do Mirrors for Gravitational Radiation Exist?
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
PDF
Submitted Dec 4, 2022
Published Jan 14, 2023
Published Jan 14, 2023
DOI
Abstract viewed = 37 times
Issue
Section
Articles
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
The Hydrogen wall found in the Voyager 1 data was modeled as the spherical mirror reflecting the Solar gravitational radiation back to the Solar System. A similar proposal appeared in the forgotten publication of Jaumann in 1912. The formula describing the anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10 and 11 towards the Sun was derived. The decreasing temperature in the Solar System decreases slightly the mass of both Pioneers 10 and 11 as it was predicted by Einstein in 1907. The experimental value for both Pioneers was published as ap = (8.74 ± 1.33) * 10-10 ms-2. This new model predicts the value of the anomalous acceleration towards the Sun as ap = (8.50 – 0.0106 * x) * 10-10 ms-2 AU-1 where x is the distance of Pioneers from the Sun in astronomical unit AU. The annual amplitude visible in the Pioneer data (~ 1.6 *10-10 ms-2) was interpreted as the reflection of the Earth´s gravitational radiation from the surface of the Sun – the Earth´s self-gravitational effect with the predicted value 1.49 * 10-10 ms-2. The diurnal amplitude visible in the Pioneer anomaly (~ 3 * 10-12 ms-2) was interpreted as the result of Newton´s third law – for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction between the Sun and the Earth: the diurnal amplitude was derived as 3.05 * 10-12 ms-2. It will be very helpful to get more experimental data from the next missions towards the Termination shock, the Hydrogen wall using the spacecraft of the type Voyager and Pioneer.
Keywords: Annual Amplitude, Diurnal Amplitude, Hidden Gravitational Force, Hydrogen Wall, Pioneer Anomaly, Solar Gravitational Radiation.
References
Anderson JD, Laing PA, Lau EL, Liu AS, Nieto MM, Turyshev SG. Indication, from Pioneer 10/11, Galileo, and Ulysses data, of an apparent anomalous, weak, long-range acceleration. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1998; 81: 2858-2861.
Anderson JD, Laing PA, Lau EL, Liu AS, Nieto MM, Turyshev SG. Study of the anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10 and 11. Phys. Rev. D. 2002; 65(8): 082004.
Anderson JD, Laing PA, Lau EL, Nieto MM, Turyshev SG. The search for a standard explanation of the Pioneer anomaly. Mod. Phys. Lett. A. 2002; 17: 875-886.
Anderson JD, Laing PA, Lau EL, Lin AS, Nieto MM, Turyshev SG. Study of the anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10 and 11. 2004; Arxiv: gr-qc/0104064v5. Last access December 04 2022.
Nieto MM, Turyshev SG.Finding the origin of the Pioneer anomaly. Class. Quantum Grav. 2004; 21: 4005-4023.
Nieto MM, Anderson JD. Using early data to illuminate the Pioneer anomaly. Class. Quantum Grav. 2005; 22: 5343-5354.
Turyshev SG, Nieto MM, Anderson JD. Study of the Pioneer anomaly: a problem set. Am. J. Phys. 2005; 73: 1033-1044.
Turyshev SG, Toth VT, Kellogg LR, Lau EL, Lee KJ. The study of the Pioneer anomaly: new data and objectives for new investigation. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D. 2006; 15: 1-56.
Turyshev SG, Nieto MM, Anderson JD. Lessons learned from the Pioneers 10/11 for a mission to test the Pioneer anomaly. Adv. Space Res. 2007; 39: 291-296.
Nieto MM, Anderson JD. Search for a solution of the Pioneer anomaly. Contemp. Physics. 2007; 48: 41-54.
Nieto MM. New Horizons and the onset of the Pioneer anomaly. Phys. Lett. B. 2008; 659: 483-485.
Turyshev SG, Toth VT. The Pioneer anomaly. 2010; Arxiv: 1001.3686v2. Last access December 04, 2022
Milgrom M. A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis. Astrophys. J. 1983; 270, 365-370.
Foot R, Volkas RR. A mirror world explanation for the Pioneer spacecraft anomalies? Phys. Lett. B. 2001; 517: 13-17.
Ostwang D. An explanation of the Pioneer effect based on quasi-metric relativity. Class. Quantum Grav. 2002; 19: 4131-4140.
Rañada AF. The Pioneer riddle, the quantum vacuum and variation of the light velocity. Europhys. Lett. 2003; 63: 653-659.
Mbelek JP. General relativity and quintessence explain the Pioneer anomaly. 2004; Arxiv: gr-qc/0407023.
Moffat JW. Modified gravitational theory and the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft anomalous acceleration. 2004; Arxiv: gr-qc/0405076. Last access December 04, 2022.
Nieto MM, Turyshev SG, Anderson JD. Directly measured limit on the interplanetary matter density from Pioneer 10 and 11. Physics Lett. B. 2005; 613: 11-19.
Jaekel MT, Reynaud S. Gravity tests in the Solar System and the Pioneer anomaly. Mod. Phys. Lett. A. 2005; 20: 1047-1055.
Rañada AF. The Pioneer anomaly as acceleration of the clocks. Found. Phys. 2005; 34:1955-1971.
De Diego JA, Núñez D, Zaval J. Pioneer anomaly? Gravitational pull due to the Kuiper belt. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D. 2006; 15: 533-544.
Iorio L, Giuduce G. What do the orbital motions of the outer planets of the Solar System tell us about the Pioneer anomaly? New Astronomy. 2006; 11: 600-607.
Page GL, Dixon DS, Wallin JF. Can minor planets be used to assess gravity in the outer Solar System? Astrophys. J. 2006; 642: 606-614.
Bertolami O, Vieira P. Pioneer anomaly and the Kuiper belt mass distribution. 2006; Arxiv: astro-ph/0506330v3. Last access December 04, 2022.
Reynaud S, Jaekel MT. Tests of general relativity in the Solar System. 2008; Arxiv: 0801.3407v1. Last access December 04, 2022.
Tangen K. Could the Pioneer anomaly have a gravitational origin? Phys. Rev. D. 2007; 76: 042005.
Iorio L. Can the Pioneer anomaly be of gravitational origin? A phenomenological answer. 2007; Arxiv: gr-qc/0610050v10. Last access December 04, 2022.
Lachièze-Rez M. Cosmology in the Solar System: The Pioneer effect is not cosmological. Class. Quantum Grav. 2007; 24: 2735-2741.
McCulloch ME. Modeling the Pioneer anomaly as modified inertia. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2007; 376: 338-342.
Oliveira FJ. Is the Pioneer anomaly a counter example to the dark matter hypothesis? 2007; Arxiv: gr-qc/0610029. Last access December 2022.
Olsen Ø. The constancy of the Pioneer anomalous acceleration. Astron. Astrophys. 2007; 463: 393-397.
Lämmerzahl C. The Pioneer anomaly or do we really understand the physics within the Solar System? 2008. https://www.zarm.uni-bremen.de/fileadmin/images/laemmerzahlDatei/Pioneer_Utrecht.pdf
Siutsou IA, Tomilchik LM. On the gravitational origin of the Pioneer anomaly. 2008, Arxiv: 0908.1644v1. Last access December 04, 2022.
Turyshev SG, Toth VT, Kinsella G, Lee SC, Lok S, Ellis J. Support for the thermal origin of the Pioneer anomaly. 2012; Arxiv: gr-qc/1204.2507v1. Last access December 04, 2022.
Anderson JD, Morris JR. Brans-Dicke theory and the Pioneer anomaly. Phys. Rev. D. 2012; 86(6): 064023.
Anderson JD, Morris JR. Chameleon effect and the Pioneer anomaly. Phys. Rev. D. 2012; 85(8): 084017.
Gillies GT. The Newtonian gravitational constant: recent measurements and related studies. Rep. Prog. Phys. 1997; 60: 151-225.
Gordin MD. Einstein in Bohemia. 2020; Princeton University Press, ISBN-10: 0691177376. pages: 25, 26, 39-42, 43, 74-75, 186, 225, 253.
Těšínská E. Albert Einstein and Gustav Jaumann on the balance (Negotiations for the professorship of theoretical physics at the German University in Prague in 1910-1911. In Proceedings of the International Conference Cosmology on small scales 2022, Dark energy and the local Hubble expansion problem. Eds. Křížek M and Dumin YV., Prague, September 21-24, 2022: 145-168. https://css2022.math.cas.cz/proceedingsCSS2022.pdf.
Einstein A. Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Ann. Phys. (Lepzig). 1916; 49: 769-822.
Jaumann G. Theorie der Gravitation. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Abt. IIa, 1912; 121: 95-182.
Katushkina OA, Quémerais E, Izmodenov VV, Lallement R, Sandel BR. Voyager 1/UVS Lyman α measurements at the distant Heliosphere (90 – 130): unknown source of additional emission. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2017; 122: 10,921-10,937.
Minter SJ, Wegter-McNelly K, Chiao RY. Do mirrors for gravitational waves exist? Physica E: Low-dimensional systems and nanostructures. 2010; 42(3): 234-255.
Spherical cap. Wikipedia. Accessed December 02, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_cap.
Einstein A. Relativitätsprinzip und die aus denselben gezogenen Folgerungen. Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik. 1907; 4: 411-462.
Assis AKT, Clemente RA. The influence of temperature on gravitation. Il Nuovo Cimento Note Brevi. 1993; (108B): 713-716.
Martins RA. Experimental studies on mass and gravitation in the early twentieth century: the search for non-Newtonian effects. 2021; In Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, Quamcumque Editum. ISBN-10: 6599689019. pages 77-104. https://www.amazon.com/dp/6599689019.
Martins RA. The search for an influence of temperature on gravitation. 2021; In Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, Quamcumque Editum. ISBN-10: 6599689019. pages 105-136. https://www.amazon.com/dp/6599689019.
Thomson B. (Count Rumford). An inquiry concerning the weight ascribed to heat. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1799; 89: 179-194.
Poynting JH, Phillips P. An experiment with the balance to find if change of temperature has any effect upon weight. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 1905; (A 76): 445-457.
Southerns L. Experimental investigation as to dependence of gravity on temperature. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 1907; (A 78): 392-403.
Pettersson H. Experiments with a new micro-balance. Proceedings of the Physical Society of London. 1919; 32: 209.
Shaw PE, Davy N. The effect of temperature on gravitative attraction. Physical Review. 1923; 21: 680-691.
Tajmar M, Plesescu F, Seifert B. Measuring the dependence of weight on temperature in the low-temperature regime using a magnetic suspension balance. Meas. Sci. Technol. 2010; 21: 015111.
Tajmar M, Hentsch G, Hutsch T. Testing the influence of temperature on mass at high temperatures. Measurements. 2020; 172: 108917.
Stávek J. Solar radiant heat reflected on the Termination shock might create excess microwave radiation in the horn antenna (Thermal telescope). European Journal of Applied Physics. 2022; 4(3) 38-42.
Anderson JD, Laing PA, Lau EL, Liu AS, Nieto MM, Turyshev SG. Study of the anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10 and 11. Phys. Rev. D. 2002; 65: 082004.
Ghosh A. On the annual and diurnal variations of the anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10. Apeiron. 2007; 14: 288-299.
ten Boom PG. Reinterpreting the Pioneer anomaly and its annual residuals. 2008; Arxiv: gr-qc/0505077v2. Last access December 04, 2022.
Levy A, Christophe B, Bério P, Métris G, Courty JM, Reynaud S. Pioneer Doppler data analysis: study of periodic anomalies. Adv. Space Res. 2009; 43: 1538-1544.
Bilbao L, Bernal L. Minotti F. Vibrating Rays Theory. 2014; Arxiv: 1407.5001v12. Last access December 2022.
Greaves ED, Bracho C, Gift S, Rodriguez AM. A solution to the Pioneer anomalous annual and diurnal residuals. Progress in Physics. 2021; 17(2): 168-184.
Ignat´ev YG, Zakharov AV. The reflection of gravitational waves from compact stars. Physics Letters A. 1978; 66(1): 3-4.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
How to Cite
Stávek, J. (2023). Solar Gravitational Radiation Reflected on the Hydrogen Wall might explain the Pioneer Anomaly: Do Mirrors for Gravitational Radiation Exist?. European Journal of Applied Physics, 5(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.1.232
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
